Modeling and simulation of Transformerless Photovoltaic Residential System Using Matlab Simulink

This example shows the operation of a typical transformerless photovoltaic (PV) residential system connected to the electrical utility grid.

PV Array :
The SPS PV array model implements a PV array built of series- and parallel-connected PV modules.
In our example, the PV array consists of one string of 14 Trina Solar TSM-250 modules connected in series.
At 25 deg. C and with a solar irradiance of 1000 W/m2, the string can produce 3500 W.
Two small capacitors, connected on the + and - terminals of the PV array, are used to model the parasitic capacitance between the PV modules and the ground.

MPPT Controller: The Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller is based on the 'Perturb and Observe' technique. This MPPT system automatically varies the VDC reference signal of the inverter VDC regulator in order to obtain a DC voltage which will extract maximum power from the PV string.

VDC Regulator: Determine the required Id (active current) reference for the current regulator.

Current Regulator: Based on the current references Id and Iq (reactive current), the regulator determines the required reference voltages for the inverter. In our example, the Iq reference is set to zero.

PLL & Measurements: Required for synchronization and voltage/current measurements.

PWM Generator: Use the PWM bipolar modulation method to generate firing signals to the IGBTs. In our example, the PWM carrier frequency is set to 3780 Hz (63*60).

Load & Utility Grid :

The grid is modeled using a typical pole-mounted transformer and an ideal AC source of 14.4 kVrms.
The transformer 240V secondary winding is center-tapped and the central neutral wire is grounded via a small resistance Rg.
The residential load (10 kW / 4 kvar @ 240 Vrms) is equally distributed between the two "hot" (120 V) terminals.

Simulation:

• Run the simulation and observe the resulting signals on the various scopes.
• The initial input irradiance to the PV array model is 250 W/m2 and the operating temperature is 25 deg. C. When steady-state is reached (around t=0.25 sec.), we get a PV voltage (Vdc_mean) of 424.5 V and the power extracted (Pdc_mean) from the array is 856 W.
• At t=0.4 sec, sun irradiance is rapidly ramped up from 250 W/m^2 to 750 W/m^2.
• Due to the MPPT operation, the control system increases the VDC reference to 434.2 V in order to extract maximum power from the PV string (2624 W).
• These values correspond well to the expected values.
• To confirm that, use the Plot button of the PV Array menu to plot the I-V and P-V characteristics of the PV string based on the manufacturer specifications.

Click here to download the simulink file:

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zSdd...

Stoichiometry Effects in Fuel Cells _ Using Matlab Simulink

This example shows a Fuel Cell system that operates at stochiometric conditions and nominal parameters.

The power delivered varies as a function of the hydrogen pressure.

The Fuel Cell block models a fuel cell that converts the chemical energy of hydrogen into electrical energy.

Click here to download the Matlab Simulink File https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xW3bP53tlXdbx2bJShl6JOUO7OOjJCvz/view?usp=sharing

Modeling and simulation of Micro Grid-connected Solar PV System Using Matlab Simulink

This example shows a model of a 2-MW PV farm connected to a 25-kV distribution system.

The PV farm consists of two PV arrays: PV Array 1 and PV Array 2 can produce respectively 1.5 MW and 500 kW at 1000 W/m2 sun irradiance and at cell temperature of 25 deg C.

Each PV array is connected to a boost converter. Each boost is individually controlled by a Maximum Power Point Trackers (MPPT) system.

The MPPTs use the Perturb and Observe technique to vary the voltage across the terminals of the PV array in order to extract the maximum possible power.

The outputs of the boost converters are connected to a common DC bus of 1000 V.

A three-level NPC converter converts the 1000 V DC to around 500 V AC.
The NPC converter is controlled by a DC voltage regulator whose job is to maintain the DC link voltage to 1000V whatever the amount of active power delivered by the PV arrays.

In addition, the controller has a reactive power regulator allowing the converter to generate or absorb up to 1 Mvar.

A 2.25-MVA 500V/25kV three-phase coupling transformer is used to connect the converter to the grid.

The grid model consists of typical 25-kV distribution feeders and a 120-kV equivalent transmission system.

Simulation:
In the Scenario & Scopes subsystem you can program four various disturbances:
1) Irradiance variation
2) DC link reference voltage step
3) Reactive power set-point variation
4) System fault.

Wecan simulate the model with the PV cells temperature set to 45 deg.C or to 25 deg.C by double-clicking on the corresponding blocks below the PV Arrays blocks.

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